发布日期:2025-12-30 14:11 点击次数:90
二十三 词根“*gene”,“*gen”,表示“基因的,遗传的;出生,生育,产生”, “nasci”及相应变体如“nat”等也由词根“gene-”演化而来
词源:
*gene- *genə-, also *gen-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning “give birth, beget,” with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit janati “begets, bears,” janah “offspring, child, person,” janman- “birth, origin,” jatah “born;” Avestan zizanenti “they bear;” Greek gignesthai “to become, happen,” genos “race, kind,” gonos “birth, offspring, stock;” Latin gignere “to beget,” gnasci “to be born,” genus (genitive generis) “race, stock, kind; family, birth, descent, origin,” genius “procreative divinity, inborn tutelary spirit, innate quality,” ingenium “inborn character,” possibly germen “shoot, bud, embryo, germ;” Lithuanian gentis “kinsmen;” Gothic kuni “race;” Old English cennan “beget, create,” gecynd “kind, nature, race;” Old High German kind “child;” Old Irish ro-genar “I was born;” Welsh geni “to be born;” Armenian cnanim “I bear, I am born.”
congenial [kənˈdʒiːnɪəl] adj. 意气相投的;令人愉快的;适宜的;合适的 16829
助记:
con-(with,together,一同)+gene-(=birth,出生)+-ial(形容词后缀)→一 同出生的,因此脾气秉性都一样→意气相投的,令人愉快的,适宜的
搭配:
a congenial colleague:意气相投的同事
释义:
(ADJ) A congenial person, place, or environment is pleasant.
congenital [kənˈdʒenɪt(ə)l] adj. 先天性的;天生的;生性的 16200
助记:
con-(with,together,一同)+gene-(=birth,出生)+-ital(it+al,复合的形 容词后缀)→出生就带有的,先天就存在,不会改变的→先天性的, 天生的,生性的
搭配:
a congenital liar:生性好说谎的人 congenital heart disease:先天性心 脏病
gender [ˈdʒendə] n. 性;性别;(语法上的)性 1838
助记:
gen(=birth, 基因)+d(无意义)+er(名词后缀)→从出生起有带有的差异→ 性别(由“基因”决定)
搭配:
gender gaps:性别差异
gendered [ˈdʒendəd] adj. 性别化;依照性别而分类的 17842
助记:
gender(性别)+-ed(形容词后缀)→性别化;依照性别而分类的
搭配:
gendered language characteristics 性别语言特征
gene [dʒiːn] n. 基因,遗传因子2307
词源:
1911, from German Gen, coined 1905
by Danish scientist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen (1857- 1927), from Greek genea “generation, race,” from PIE root *gene- “give birth, beget.” De Vries had earlier called them pangenes. Gene pool is attested from 1946.
助记:
gene(=to give birth, beget)→从出生(从母体带来的)就有的→基因
搭配:
gene bank:基因文库;gene pool:基因库
genetic [dʒɪˈnetɪk] adj. 遗传的;起源的;基因的 2744
助记:
gene(基因、遗传因子)+tic(形容词后缀:的)→基因的、遗传的
搭配:
genetic variation:基因变异 genetic modification:基因改造
geneticist [dʒɪˈnetɪsɪst] n. 遗传学家 13673
助记:
genetic (related to genes,遗传的,基因的)+-ist(名词后缀,……方面 的专家)→遗传学家
释义:
A geneticist is a person who studies or specializes in genetics.
genetically [dʒəˈnɛtɪklɪ] adv. 从遗传学角度;从基因方面 6847
助记:
genetic(遗传的,基因的)+-al(形容词后缀)+-ly副词后缀→从遗传学角 度;从基因方面
搭配:
genetically modified:转基因的
genealogy [dʒiːnɪˈælədʒɪ;dʒen-] n. 宗谱;家系;血统;系谱学 15154
词源:
early 14c., “line of descent, pedigree, descent,” from Old French genealogie (12c.), from Late Latin genealogia “tracing of a family,” from Greek genealogia “the making of a pedigree,” from genea “generation, descent” (from PIE root *gene- “give birth, beget,” with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups)+-logia (see -logy). An Old English word for it was folctalu, literally “folk tale.” Meaning “study of family trees” is from 1768.
助记:
gene(=to give birth, beget,出生)+a+logy(学说)→系谱学(study of family trees);宗谱;血统
搭配:
a genealogical chart/table/tree:系谱图;家谱表;家系树状图
释义:
(N-UNCOUNT) Genealogy is the study of the history of families, especially through studying historical documents to discover the relationships between particular people and their families.
general [ˈdʒen(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 大体的;笼统地;普通的;整体的;总管的 n. 将 军 806
助记:
gener(生育)+-al(形容词后缀)→普遍适用,包括全部,与具体的相反 →大体的;普遍的;整体的;(引申义为)将军(因为将军统帅军队,统 一指挥)
搭配:
general practitioner:全科医生 in general:总之
generality [dʒenəˈrælɪtɪ] n. 概述;一般性;普遍性;大部分 18188
助记:
general(普遍的,整体的)+-ity(名词后缀)→概述;普遍性
搭配:
to speak in broad generalities:泛泛地说
generalizability [ˈdʒenərəˌlaizəˈbiləti] n. 普遍性,概括性 19772
助记:
general(大体的,普遍的)+-iz(e省略,动词后缀)+-ability(名词后缀)→ 普遍性;概括性
搭配:
generalizability theory:概化理论
generalization [ˌdʒenrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn] n. 概括;归纳;泛论 8857
助记:
general(大体的,普遍的)+-iz(e省略,动词后缀)+-ation(名词后缀)→概 括;归纳;泛论
搭配:
making sweeping generalizations:进行全盘概括
generalize [ˈdʒɛnrəˌlaɪz] vi. 概括;归纳;笼统地讲 vt. 普及;扩大……地运 用 11027
助记:
general(普遍的,一般地)+-ize(动词后缀)→笼统地讲;使……一般化 →概括;普及
搭配:
brand generalizing:品牌推广
释义:
(V-I) If you generalize, you say something that seems to be true in most situations or for most people, but that may not be completely true in all cases. (V-T) If you generalize something such as an idea, you apply it more widely than its original context, as if it was true in many other situations.
generalized [ˈdʒɛnrəlaɪzd] adj. 广义的;普遍的;全面的;全身性的 11274
助记:
generalize(概括;普及)+-d(形容词后缀)→广义的;普遍的;全面的
搭配:
a generalized discussion 笼统的讨论;a generalized disease/rash (= affecting the whole body) 全身性疾病/疹子
generally [ˈdʒen(ə)rəlɪ] adv. 笼统地;通常地;普遍地;广泛地 1206
助记:
general(大体的,普遍的)+-ly(副词后缀)→笼统地;
搭配:
generally true:通常是正确的
generate [ˈdʒenəreɪt] vt. 造成;产生(电等能量) vi. 生成;产生 1704
助记:
gener(=birth,生、产生)+-ate(复合动词后缀)→产生、发生
搭配:
generate new jobs:带来新的工作;to generate electricity/heat/power 发 电;产生热/动力
释义:
(V-T) To generate something means to cause it to begin and develop. (V-T) To generate a form of energy or power means to produce it.
generating [ˈdʒenəreɪtɪŋ] n. 发生,产生 vt.&vi 生成 ( generate的现在分词); (通过物理或化学过程)发生 9792
助记:
generate(省略e,发生,产生)+-ing(表现在分词形式,名词后缀)→发 生;产生;生成
搭配:
generating set:发电机组
regenerate [rɪˈdʒenəreɪt] vt.&vi. 使再生 vt. 重建;复兴 15408
助记:
re(=again,再)+generate(生成,产生)→再一次产生,使再次恢复活 力,重新建造→使再生,重建
搭配:
regenerate health:恢复健康
释义:
(V-T/V-I) If organs or tissues regenerate or if something regenerates them, they heal and grow again after they have been damaged. (V-T) To regenerate something means to develop and improve it to make it more active, successful, or important, especially after a period when it has been getting worse.
regeneration [rɪdʒenəˈreɪʃn] n. 再生,重生;重建 14419
助记:
regenerate(使再生,重建)+ion(名词后缀)→再生,重建
搭配:
neural regeneration:神经再生
degenerate [dɪˈdʒen(ə)rət] vi. 恶化;退化;衰落;堕落 n. 退化;恶化 adj. 堕 落的 16526
词源:
1540s, “to lose or suffer impairment to the qualities proper to the race or kind,” also figurative, “decay in quality, pass to an inferior state,” from Latin degeneratus, past participle of degenerare “to be inferior to one’s ancestors, to become unlike one’s race or kind, fall from ancestral quality,” used of physical as well as moral qualities, from phrase de genere, from de “off, away from” (see de-)+genus (genitive generis) “birth, descent” (from PIE root *gene- “give birth, beget”). Figurative sense of “to fall off, decline” was in Latin. Related: Degenerated; degenerating.
助记:
de(=down,表相反、向下、否定)+gener-(产生)+-ate(动词词尾)→与出 生、产生等欣欣向荣、向上进步的正能量相反的负能量,原义为偏离 祖训,有损祖先名声,后引申为堕落,恶化→恶化,退化,衰落
搭配:
degenerate computer hackers:堕落的计算机黑客
释义:
(V-I) If you say that someone or something degenerates, you mean that they become worse in some way, for example, weaker, lower in quality, or more dangerous. (ADJ) If you describe a person or their behaviour as degenerate, you disapprove of them because you think they have low standards of behaviour or morality.
degeneration [dɪˌdʒenəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 恶化;堕落;变性;退化 17072
助记:
degenerate(恶化,堕落)+-ion(名词后缀)→变质,堕落,退化
搭配:
severe degeneration of the land:土壤严重贫瘠化 social/moral degeneration:社会倒退;道德沦丧
degenerative [dɪˈdʒen(ə)rətɪv] adj. (随着时间的推移疾病)变性的,退化的; 退步的;变质的 19481
助记:
degenerate(恶化,堕落)+-ive(形容词后缀)→变性的,退化的
搭配:
...degenerative diseases of the brain:……大脑退化的疾病
释义:
(ADJ) A degenerative disease or condition is one that gets worse as time progresses.
generation [dʒenəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. (统称)一代人;一代(大约为30年);家史中的) 一代,一辈;一届;(尤指电、热等的);(技术方面的)代;产生 1029
助记:
gener(=birth,生、产生)+-ation(动词后缀)→(因为生育、家庭、学 业、技术、产品研发等而)普遍出现的一群人或事物;产生
搭配:
generation gap:代沟;from generation to generaiton:代代相传
first-generation [ˈfə:stˌdʒenəˈreiʃən] adj. 出生在美国的;第一代 17710
搭配:
first-generation rocket 第一批火箭
second-generation [ˈsekəndˌdʒenəˈreʃən] adj. (移民后裔等)第二代的;(产 品、技术等)第二代的;(家庭成员)第二代的 17837
搭配:
the second hydrocarbon-generation 二次生烃
third-generation [ˈθɜːdˌdʒenəˈreʃən] adj. 第三代 19422
搭配:
third-generation computer 第三代计算机第三代计算器
generational [ˌdʒɛnəˈreʃənl] adj. 一代的;代与代之间的 12152
助记:
generation(代)+-al(形容词后缀)
搭配:
generational conflict:两代人之间的冲突
intergenerational [ˌɪntədʒenəˈreɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l] adj. 影响几代人的;代与代之间的 17539
助记:
inter(之间)+generation(代)+-al(形容词后缀)→影响几代人的;代与代 之间的
搭配:
intergenerational communication 跨代交流
progeny [ˈprɒdʒənɪ] n. (人的)后裔;(动物的)后代;后裔;成果 17643
助记:
pro-(=forth,向前,朝向)+-gen(=gene, to produce, beget生育)+-y(名词 后缀)子孙→向前生育了很多(孩子)→后裔,后代,成果
搭配:
numerous progeny:众多的子孙
generator [ˈdʒenəreɪtə] n. 发电机;促使……发生的人或事物 919
助记:
gener(发生,产生)+ator(名词后缀)→发电机;产生器
搭配:
diesel generator:柴油发电机 cash generator:赚钱机器
engender [ɪnˈdʒendə;en-] vt. 产生;引起;酿成 9493
助记:
en-(=enter,进入)+-gene(生育)+-er(动词后缀)→使产生;使引起
搭配:
engender a sense of common humanity:引发一种共同的人道主义精神
释义:
(V-T) If someone or something engenders a particular feeling, atmosphere, or situation, they cause it to occur.
engine [ˈendʒɪn] n. 引擎,发动机;机车,火车头;工具 1578
助记:
engine来自拉丁语ingenium,由in(内在)+gen(产生)+ium(名词后缀) 构成,意思是“天赋,内在才能”。12世纪左右进入法语后演变为 engin,表示“技能、才智、诡计、战争器械”等含义。乔叟时代原 指“天才”(见《坎特伯雷故事集》),莎士比亚时代转指多“诡计” 或“手段”(见《奥瑟罗》)。13世纪左右进入英语后演变为engine, 词义演变为“(战争中使用的)精巧的机械装置”。当蒸汽机问世后, 人们越来越多地把engine专门用来表示从自然界获取能量并将其转换 为机械能的装置,即中文所说的“发动机”。
搭配:
switched/turned the engine off:关掉发动机
engineer [endʒɪˈnɪə] n. 工程师;设计师;机械师 v. 设计;制造;策划 2011
助记:
engine(引擎,发动机)+er(名词后缀)→工程师;设计师;机械师
搭配:
a flight engineer:空勤机械师
engineered [endʒɪˈnɪəd] adj. 设计的,工程 vt. 设计;制造 12694
助记:
engineer(设计,策划)+-ed(分词后缀,形容词后缀)→设计的;设计, 制造
搭配:
be engineered by:由……制造
释义:
(V-T) When a vehicle, bridge, or building is engineered, it is planned and constructed using scientific methods.
engineering [endʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ] n. 工程,工程学 2405
助记:
engineer(设计,制造)+-ing(名词后缀)→有关设计、制造的学问→工 程,工程学
搭配:
engineering degree:工程学学位
释义:
(N-UNCOUNT) Engineering is the work involved in designing and constructing engines and machinery or structures such as roads and bridges. Engineering is also the subject studied by people who want to do this work.
estrogen [ˈestrədʒən] n. 雌性激素;女性荷尔蒙 8021
词源:
coined 1927
from combining form of estrus+-gen. So called for the hormone’s ability to produce estrus.
助记:
estro-(=estrus,发情)+-gen(产生)→使发情产生的物质→雌性激素,女 性荷尔蒙
搭配:
estrogen test 雌激素试验
generic [dʒɪˈnerɪk] adj. 通用的;非注册商标的(药等产品) n. 非注册商标的 药品 6544
助记:
gene(生育,产生)+-ic→非特殊的,没有商标品牌的,包装普通、便 宜的→通用的,非注册商标的(药等产品)
搭配:
a generic term:通用名称 generic wine:普通餐酒 generic drug:非注 册商标的药品
释义:
(ADJ) You use generic to describe something that refers or relates to a whole class of similar things. (ADJ) A generic drug or other product is one that does not have a trademark and that is known by a general name, rather than the manufacturer’s name.
generous [ˈdʒen(ə)rəs] adj. 慷慨的;宽厚的;宽宏大量的,仁慈的;丰富 的,充足的 3922
词源:
1580s, “of noble birth,” from Middle French généreux (14c.), from Latin generosus “of noble birth,” figuratively “magnanimous, generous,” from genus (genitive generis) “race, stock” (from PIE root *gene- “give birth, beget,” with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups). Secondary senses of “unselfish” (1690s) and “plentiful” (1610s) in English were present in French and in Latin. Related: Generously; generousness.
助记:
gener(不自私的,丰富的)+-ous(形容词后缀)→慷慨的,宽厚的,充 足的
搭配:
be generous in:乐于…… a generous gift:丰厚的礼物
释义:
(ADJ) A generous person gives more of something, especially money, than is usual or expected. (ADJ) A generous person is friendly, helpful, and willing to see the good qualities in someone or something. (ADJ) A generous amount of something is much larger than is usual or necessary.
generosity [dʒenəˈrɒsətɪ] n. 慷慨,大方;宽宏大量 8101
助记:
generous(慷慨的,宽厚的,充足的)+-osity(名词后缀,表多的状态)→ 很多的慷慨→慷慨;宽宏大量;大方
搭配:
generosity to/towards sb:对……宽容大度、慷慨大方
generously [ˈdʒenərəsli] adv. 宽大地;慷慨地;丰盛地 10824
助记:
generous(慷慨的,宽厚的,充足的)+-ly(副词后缀)→宽大地;慷慨 地;丰盛地
搭配:
share generously:慷慨地分享
genesis [ˈdʒenɪsɪs] n. (事物的)开端;诞生;创始;(大写)创世纪 16350
词源:
Old English Genesis, first book of the Pentateuch, which tells among other things of the creation of the world, from Latin genesis “generation, nativity,” in Late Latin taken as the title of first book of the Old Testament, from Greek genesis “origin, creation, generation,” from gignesthai “to be born,” related to genos “race, birth, descent”" (from PIE root *gene- “give birth, beget,” with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups). Greek translators used the word as the title of the biblical book, rendering Hebrew bereshith, literally “in the beginning,” which was the first word of the text, taken as its title. Extended sense of “origin, creation” first recorded in English c. 1600.
助记:
gen (=to give birth,产生,起源)+-esis(名词后缀)→万物的起源,发 生,创始→(事物的)开端,诞生,创始;创世纪
搭配:
the genesis of the universe:宇宙的起源
释义:
The genesis of something is its beginning, birth, or creation. 《创世纪》壁画 米开朗基罗绘
genial [ˈdʒiːnɪəl] adj. 亲切的,友好的;和蔼的;适宜的 18074
助记:
gen(出生)+-ial(形容词后缀)→亲切的;友好的;和蔼的
搭配:
a genial smile:亲切的微笑
genie [ˈdʒiːnɪ] n. (阿拉伯和波斯神话故事中的)魔仆;精灵;妖怪 19261
词源:
1650s, “tutelary spirit,” from French génie, from Latin genius (see genius); used in French translation of “Arabian Nights” to render Arabic jinni, singular of jinn, which it accidentally resembled, and attested in English with this sense from 1748. 阿拉伯民间故事集《一千年零一夜》被法国人翻译作法语时,译者用 genie这个单词来翻译原文,即阿拉伯语中的“jinni”,是阿拉伯语单 词jinn的单数形式,其含义为“神怪、神灵、精灵”,是伊斯兰神话 中地位低于天使,能化成人或兽形的神或精灵。有趣的是,jinni不光 意思也是恶魔、精灵、天使等,读音也和法语单词genie非常接近。 所以,阿拉丁召唤神灯时出现的那个genie其实就是法语版的genius。
搭配:
let the genie out of the bottle:把精灵放出魔瓶〔指做某事造成了无法 挽回的严重后果〕
genital [ˈdʒenɪt(ə)l] adj. 生殖(器官)的 n. (复数)生器,外阴部 14569
搭配:
genital system:生殖系统
genius [ˈdʒiːnɪəs] n. 天才,天赋;精神 4105
助记:
gen(生)+ius(名词后缀)→生下来就有的东西→天赋、天才
搭配:
~ for sth/for doing sth:在……方面有特别的才能或本领
同源:talent [ˈtælənt] n. 天才、天赋;才能
助记:
tal(=gen:生、出生)+ent(=ant:名词后缀)→天生下来就有的东西→天 才、才能、天赋
genocide [ˈdʒenəsaɪd] n. 大屠杀;种族灭绝 7698
助记:
geno(=gene, 生)+-cide(杀)→把某(群)人活生生的杀害、灭绝了→大 屠杀
搭配:
cultural genocide:文化灭种
genome [ˈdʒiːnəʊm] n. [生]基因组;[生]染色体组 7513
词源:
“sum total of genes in a set,” 1930, genom, modeled on German genom, coined 1920
by German botanist Hans Winkler, from gen “gene” (see gene)+(chromos)om “chromosome”).
助记:
gen(e)-(=to give birth, beget,生)+-ome(from“chromosome”染色体)→ 出生时就带有的染色体的组合,将一种生物与其他有机体区分开来→ 基因组
搭配:
the mapping of the human genome:人类基因图谱。
释义:
(N-COUNT) In biology, a genome is the particular number and arrangement of chromosomes within the cells of an organism such as an animal or plant that distinguishes it from other types of organism.
genre [ˈʒɒnrə] n. (文学、绘画、音乐、电影等艺术作品的)体裁;类型;流 派 4547
词源:
1770, “particular style of art,” a French word in English (nativized from c. 1840), from French genre “kind, sort, style” (see gender (n.)). Used especially in French for “independent style.” In painting, as an adjective, “depicting scenes of ordinary life” (a domestic interior or village scene, as compared to landscape, historical, etc.) from 1849.
搭配:
literary genre:文学体裁 genre painting:浮世绘
genuine [ˈdʒenjʊɪn] adj. 真实的,真正的;诚恳的 3784
助记:
gen(出生,基因)+u(连接符号)+ine(形容词后缀)→出生下来就有的→ 天生的,非人造的,真正的
搭配:
genuine sympathy:真心的同情
反义:artificial [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl] a. 人造的、伪造的
助记:
arti-(工艺、技艺)+fic-(做、制造)+-ial(的)→用人的技艺造出来的→人 造的、非天然的、虚假的
genus [ˈdʒiːnəs;ˈdʒenəs] n. (尤指动植物的)属 11089
助记:
gen-(基因,遗传)+-us(名词后缀)→具有共同基因特征的动植物→(尤 指动植物的)属
搭配:
a spider genus:蛛属
释义:
(N-COUNT) A genus is a class of similar things, especially a group of animals or plants that includes several closely related species.
indigenous [ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs] adj. 本土的;当地的;土生土长的 3713
助记:
indi-(=in, within,在内,在里)+-gen(=to give birth,beget,生育,孕 育)+-ous(形容词后缀)→在当地孕育生长的→本土的;本地产的
搭配:
indigenous population:土著,土著居民
ingenious [ɪnˈdʒiːnɪəs] adj. (物体、计划、思想等)精巧的;新颖独 特的;(人)心灵手巧的;机敏的;善于发明创造的 11844
助记:
in(加强语气)+gen(生产、产生、创造)+ous(形容词后缀,表“大、 多”)→有很多创造力的,(内心)创造力丰富的→有创造性的、心灵手 巧的
搭配:
an ingenious cook:心灵手巧的厨师
释义:
(ADJ) Something that is ingenious is very clever and involves new ideas, methods, or equipment.
ingenuity [ˌɪndʒɪˈnjuːɪtɪ] n. 善于创新;足智多谋;心灵手巧11909
助记:
in-(=in,从内心)+gen-(=birth,生)(ingenu=ingenious独创的;灵活的)+- ity(名词后缀)→从内心生出很多奇思妙想→善于创新;足智多谋
搭配:
require some ingenuity:需要一些巧妙地心思
释义:
(N-UNCOUNT) Ingenuity is skill at working out how to achieve things or skill at inventing new things.
gent [dʒent] n. (非正式的用法,指)绅士;先生;男厕 20102
助记:
gent=gentleman,与gentle同源,绅士都很温柔
搭配:
a gent’s hairdresser:男宾理发师
genteel [dʒenˈtiːl] adj. (现在多为讽刺含义)有教养的;文雅的;安宁而古朴 的;装体面的;假斯文的 16507
助记:
gent(绅士)+-eel名词后缀→有绅士风格的→有教养的
搭配:
genteel poverty:家境贫寒却虚摆场面
释义:
(ADJ) A genteel person is respectable and well-mannered, and comes or seems to come from a high social class. (ADJ) A genteel place or area is quiet and traditional, but may also be oldfashioned and dull.
gentle [ˈdʒent(ə)l] adj. 温和的;轻柔的;动作和缓的 3421
词源:
early 13c., gentile, gentle “well-born, of noble rank or family,” from Old French gentil/jentil “high-born, worthy, noble, of good family; courageous, valiant; fine, good, fair” (11c., in Modern French “nice, graceful, pleasing; fine, pretty”) and directly from Latin gentilis “of the same family or clan,” in Medieval Latin “of noble or good birth”. 来源于古印欧语gen-(生育)在拉丁语中的派生词gentilis,进入古法语 为gentil;gentilis的原始意义是“相同家庭的,好的家庭的”,进入 英语后变为“出身好的,高贵的/大方的/有礼貌的”,16世纪后被 “温柔的,纤弱的”所替代。
助记:
gen-(=to give birth,生)+-tle(形容词后缀)→与生俱来就性情温柔的→ 温柔的
搭配:
gentle breeze:微风 gentle and soft:温柔
gentleman [ˈdʒent(ə)lmən] n. 有教养的;绅士;先生 2469
助记:
gentle(温柔的)+man(先生)→性格温柔的先生→绅士
搭配:
a real gentleman:一个真正的君子
gentleness [ˈdʒɛntlnɪs] n. 温顺;亲切;高贵;彬彬有礼貌 18665
助记:
gentle(温柔的)+-ness(名词后缀)→温柔
搭配:
invincible gentleness:无敌的温柔
gently [ˈdʒentlɪ] adv. 温柔地;温和地;平缓的 2776
助记:
gent(=gentle)+-ly(副词后缀)→温柔地
搭配:
gently but firmly:柔中带劲
germ [dʒɜːm] n. 细菌;微生物;起源;萌芽 9465
词源:
mid-15c., “bud, sprout;” 1640s, “rudiment of a new organism in an existing one,” from Middle French germe “germ (of egg); bud, seed, fruit; offering,” from Latin germen (genitive germinis) “spring, offshoot; sprout, bud”
助记:
ger-(=gen,生育,萌芽)+m→微生物是生命的最初萌芽形态→细菌, 微生物
搭配:
in germ:处于萌芽状态
释义:
(N-COUNT) A germ is a very small organism that causes disease. (N-SING) The germ of something such as an idea is something which developed or might develop into that thing.
pathogen [ˈpæθədʒ(ə)n] n. 病原体;病菌 8828
词源:
“producing disease,” 1836, from French pathogénique, from Greek pathos “disease” (from PIE root *kwent(h)- “to suffer”)+French -génique “producing” (see -gen). Related: Pathogenetic (1838); pathogenicity.
助记:
patho-(=disease,疾病的)+-gen(产生)→产生疾病的(根源)→病原体
搭配:
conditioned pathogen:条件致病菌
释义:
(N-COUNT) A pathogen is any organism that can cause disease in a person, animal, or plant.
germinate [ˈdʒɜːmɪneɪt] vt.&vi. 使发芽;开始生长 vi. 形成;酝酿 18250
助记:
germin(=a sprout or bud,芽)+ate(动词后缀)→使发芽,形成
搭配:
germinate in mind:在头脑中萌发
释义:
(V-T/V-I) If a seed germinates or if it is germinated, it starts to grow. (V-I) If an idea, plan, or feeling germinates, it comes into existence and begins to develop.
disingenuous [ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenjʊəs] adj. 不真诚的;不诚实的;不坦率的;狡猾 的 16787
词源:
“lacking in candor, insincere; not open, frank, or candid,” 1650s, from dis- “opposite of”+ingenuous. Related: Disingenuously; disingenuousness; disenginuity (1640s).
助记:
dis-(否定前缀)+in(=in,在里面,内部出生的)+gen-(生)+-uous(形容词 后缀)→从里面、心灵内部生出的(意念)是不真诚、不诚实的→不真诚 的;虚伪的;狡猾的
搭配:
disingenuous behavior:不诚实的行为
释义:
(ADJ) Someone who is disingenuous is slightly dishonest and insincere in what they say.
对比:ingenuous [ɪnˈdʒenjʊəs] 单纯的;天真的;坦白的;朴实自然的
搭配:
an ingenuous smile:纯真的微笑
释义:
(ADJ) If you describe someone as ingenuous, you mean that they are innocent, trusting, and honest.
homogeneous [ˌhɒmə(ʊ)ˈdʒiːnɪəs;-ˈdʒen-] adj. 同质的;同种的;均匀的 11504
助记:
homo-(=same,同,同一)+-gene-(类型,种属)+-ous(形容词后缀)→生 来就属于同一种类的→同质的,同种的
搭配:
a homogeneous group:同一类人
释义:
(ADJ) Homogeneous is used to describe a group or thing which has members or parts that are all the same.
homogeneity [ˌhɒmə(ʊ)dʒɪˈneɪɪtɪ;-dʒɪˈniːɪtɪ;ˌhəʊm-] n. 同种;同质 16164
助记:
homogeneous(类型,种属)+-ity(名词后缀)→生来就属于同一种类→同 质,同种
搭配:
cultural homogeneity:文化同质
释义:
(N-UNCOUNT) Homogeneity is the quality of being homogeneous.
heterogeneous [ˌhet(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈdʒiːnɪəs;-ˈdʒen-] adj. 由很多种类组成的;各种各 样的 13634
助记:
hetero-(=different,不同的)+-gene-(类型,种属)+-ous(形容词后缀)→ 生来就属于同一种类→同质,同种
搭配:
a heterogeneous collection of studies:一系列种类繁多的研究
释义:
(ADJ) A heterogeneous group consists of many different types of things or people.
heterogeneity [ˌhɛtərədʒəˈniəti] [生物] 异质性 [化学] 不均匀性 17421
助记:
heterogeneous(异质的)+-ity(名词后缀)→异质性
搭配:
the heterogeneity of money demand:货币需求异质性
oxygen [ˈɒksɪdʒ(ə)n] n. 氧气;氧 3875
发现简史:氧(Oxygen),元素符号O,位于元素周期表第二周期ⅥA族。 1774年英国科学家约瑟夫·普里斯特利(J.Joseph Priestley)用透镜把太 阳光聚焦在氧化汞上,发现一种能强烈帮助燃烧的气体。安托万-洛 朗·拉瓦锡(Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier)研究了此种气体,并正确解 释了这种气体在燃烧中的作用。
助记:
oxy-(=acid,sharp)+-gen(产生的东西)→能强烈地帮助气体燃烧→氧气
搭配:
oxygen cycle:氧循环 oxygen content:氧含量
nitrogen [ˈnaɪtrədʒ(ə)n] n. [化]氮气;氮 5967
发现简史:1772年由瑞典药剂师舍勒发现,后由法国科学家拉瓦锡确定是 一种元素。1787年由拉瓦锡和其他法国科学家提出,氮的英文名称 nitrogen,是"硝石组成者“的意思。中国清末化学家启蒙者徐寿在第 一次把氮译成中文时曾写成“淡气”,意思是说,它“冲淡”了空气 中的氧气。元素名来源于希腊文,原意是“硝石”。
助记:
nitro-(用于指硝石,因研究硝石化学性质时认识这种气体而得名)+- gen(产生)→在研究硝石的过程中产生的气体
搭配:
Nitrogen Oxide:氮氧化物
释义:
(N-UNCOUNT) Nitrogen is a colourless element that has no smell and is usually found as a gas. It forms about 78
percent of the Earth’s atmosphere, and is found in all living things.
hydrogen [ˈhaɪdrədʒ(ə)n] n. 氢气;氢 5167
助记:
hydro-(水)+-gen(生成)→产生水的,因氢接触氧气生成水而得名→ 氢气
搭配:
hydrogen economy:氢能经济
innate [ɪˈneɪt;ˈɪneɪt] adj. 先天的;固有的;与生俱来的 10443
助记:
in-(进入)+-nat(=to be born,from root *gene- “give birth, beget”)+e→出 生就有的,天生的
搭配:
innate immune:先天免疫 innate character:本质
jaunty [ˈdʒɔːntɪ] adj. 充满信心和活力的;无忧无虑的;神气活现的;轻松 活泼的 19506
词源:
also janty, jantee, etc., 1660s, “elegant, stylish,” an imperfect or jocular attempt to render into English the contemporary pronunciation of French gentil “nice, pleasing,” in Old French “noble” (see gentle). Meaning “easy and sprightly in manner” first attested 1670s. The same French word otherwise was Englished as genteel. Related: Jauntily; jauntiness.
搭配:
a jaunty tune:轻松活泼的曲子 a jaunty smile:得意扬扬的微笑
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